PASADO SIMPLE

Pasado Simple

 Este tema tiene dos partes: el verbo "to be" en pasado (was, were), y el pasado simple.

El pasado simple es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para hablar sobre una acción o algo que tuvo lugar en el pasado y que ya no tiene relación alguna con el presente.

La estructura básica del afirmativo del verbo "to be" en pasado

	Sujeto	Verbo	objeto / complemento
	I	was	a student.	Era alumno.
	You	were	happy.	Eras feliz.
	He	was	a musician.	Fue músico.
	She	was	in the car.	Estaba en el coche.
	It	was	a hot day.	Era un día caluroso.
	We	were	lucky.	Tuvimos suerte
	You	were	from Madrid.	Erais de Madrid.
	They	were	ours.	Eran nuestros.

 La estructura básica del negativo del verbo "to be" en pasado

	Sujeto	Verbo	objeto / complemento
	I	was not	a student.	No era alumno.
	You	were not	happy.	No eras feliz.
	He	was not	a musician.	No era músico.
	She	was not	in the car.	No estaba en el coche.
	It	was not	a hot day.	No era un día caluroso.
	We	were not	lucky.	No tuvimos suerte.
	You	were not	from Madrid.	No erais de Madrid.
	They	were not	ours.	No eran nuestros.

Nota: Forma contraida: "was not" = "wasn't", "were not" = "weren't".

The negative of verb "be" in the past tense

 La estructura básica del interrogativo del verbo "to be" en pasado

	Verbo	Sujeto	objeto / complemento
	Was	I	a student?	¿Era alumno?
	Were	you	happy?	¿Eras feliz?
	Was	he	a musician?	¿Era músico?
	Was	she	in the car?	¿Estaba en el coche?
	Was	it	a hot day?	¿Era un día caluroso?
	Were	we	lucky?	¿Tuvimos suerte?
	Were	you	from Madrid?	¿Eras de Madrid?
	Were	they	ours?	¿Eran nuestros?

 Making Yes-No Questions in the Past Tense.

Nota: Para hacer una oración interrogativa con el verbo "to be" en pasado simplemente se intercambia el verbo "to be" con el sujeto.

 La estructura básica de las respuestas cortas del verbo "to be" en pasado

	Af.					Neg.
	Yes,	I was.				No,	I was not. (wasn't)
	Yes,	you were.				No,	you were not. (weren't)
	Yes,	he was.				No,	he was not. (wasn't)
	Yes,	she was.				No,	she was not. (wasn't)
	Yes,	it was.				No,	it was not. (wasn't)
	Yes,	we were.				No,	we were not. (weren't)
	Yes,	you were.				No,	you were not. (weren't)
	Yes,	they were.				No,	they were not. (weren't)

Nota: No se contrae la forma afirmativa de las respuestas cortas.


La estructura básica del pasado simple:
 La estructura básica del afirmativo del pasado simple: (somebody=alguien; somewhere-algún sitio; something=algo)

	sujeto	verbo		(MP3)
	I	liked	somebody.	Alguien me gustó.
	You	got	something.	Cogistes algo. (tú)
	He	needed	something.	Necesitó algo. (él)
	She	had	something.	Tuvo algo. (ella)
	It	went	somewhere.	Fue a algún sitio.
	You	wrote	something.	Escribisteis algo. (vosotros)
	We	walked	somewhere.	Caminamos a algún sitio.
	They	did	something.	Hicieron algo. (ellos)

Nota: Con el pasado simple afirmativo se utiliza la forma "pasado simple" del verbo ("no" el infinitivo). Dentro de esta forma, hay dos tipos de verbos: los verbos regulares y los verbos irregulares.

 Verbos Regulares:

 Regular verbs - the past tense.

Estos son verbos como "walk" (andar), "talk" (hablar), "rate" (categorizar), "raise" (levantar), "hate" (odiar), "help" (ayudar), "like" (gustar), "want" (querer), "raid" (asaltar, redar), "last" (durar), "gore" (cornear), "wash" (lavar), "ask" (preguntar), "work" (trabajar), "show" (mostrar), "use" (usar), "look" (mirar a un objeto fijo), "watch" (mirar a una actividad en progreso), "listen" (escuchar), etc. Para hacer el "pasado simple" de estos verbos, simplemente hay que añadir la terminación "ed" a su infinitivo. Por ejemplo, el pasado simple de    (MP3) (Voz de: Christopher Wright) "walk" es "walked", "talk" = "talked", "rate" = "rated", "raise" = "raised", "hate" = hated", "help" = "helped", "like" = "liked", "want" = "wanted", "last" = "lasted", "gore" = "gored", "wash" = "washed", "ask" = "asked", "work" = "worked", "show" = "showed", "use" = "used", "look" = "looked", "watch" = "watched", "listen" = "listened", "interview" = "interviewed", "play" = "played", "beg" = "begged", "move" = "moved", "push" = "pushed", "present" = "presented", etc.

Nota: La pronunciación de la terminación "ed" en los verbos regulares depende del sonido que le precede. Si el sonido anterior a "ed" es "t" o "d" el sonido que sigue es "Id" (un sonido entre "e" e "i" en castellano). Si el sonido anterior es "explosivo" (o sea, que solamente se produce con aire y no con voz o vibraciones de la garganta) el sonido que sigue es "t". Si el sonido anterior se produce con la voz o con vibraciónes de la garganta (y no simplemente con aire expulsado a través de la boca) el sonido es "d" (este sonido se suele parecer a la "r" en la palabra "mar" en castellano.)

/ Id /	/ t /	/ d /
Rated Hated Wanted Lasted      (MP3)	Walked Talked Helped Liked Washed Asked Worked Looked Watched	Raised Gored Showed Used Listened